Phrase a syntactic structure that consists of more than one word but lacks the subject-predicate organization of a clause. NounPhrase A noun phrase is a phrase whose head is a noun. It consists of a noun and all of its modifiers. It can function in a sentence as a subject, object, or complement. VerbPhrase A verb phrase is a syntactic unit that corresponds to the predicate. In addition to the verb, this includes auxiliaries, objects, object complements, and other constituents apart from the subject. PrepositionalPhrase A prepositional phrase is an adpositional phrase in which a preposition is the head. The preposition precedes its complement, that is typically a noun, a noun phrase or a pronoun. AdjectivalPhrase An adjectival phrase is a phrase with an adjective as its head. Adjectival phrases may occur as premodifiers to a noun (a bin full of toys), or as predicatives to a verb (the bin is full of toys). AdverbialPhrase An adverbial phrase is a group of related words which play the role of a adverb. DeterminerPhrase A determiner phrase is a functional phrase made up of a Determiner and a Noun which hosts both subjects and objects. Clause a grammatical unit that includes, at minimum, a predicate and an explicit or implied subject, and expresses a proposition. Subject A subject is a grammatical relation that exhibits certain independent syntactic properties, such as the following: the grammatical characteristics of the agent of typically transitive verbs; the grammatical characteristics of the single argument of intransitive verbs; a particular case marking or clause position; the conditioning of an agreement affix on the verb; the capability of being obligatorily or optionally deleted in certain grammatical constructions, such as the following clauses:adverbial, complement, coordinate; the conditioning of same subject markers and different subject markers in switch-reference systems; the capability of coreference with reflexive pronouns Object An object, traditionally defined, is either a direct object or an indirect object/An object, in some usages, is any grammatical relation other than subject. DirectObject A direct object is a grammatical relation that exhibits a combination of certain independent syntactic properties, such as the following: the usual grammatical characteristics of the patient of typically transitive verbs; a particular case marking; a particular clause position; the conditioning of an agreement affix on the verb; the capability of becoming the clause subject in passivization; the capability of reflexivization. IndirectObject An indirect object is a grammatical relation that is one means of expressing the semantic role of goal and other similar roles.It is proposed for languages in which the role is distinct from the direct object and the oblique object on the basis of multiple independent syntactic or morphological criteria, such as the following: having a particular case marking, commonly dative; governing an agreement affix on the verb, such as person or number; being distinct from oblique relations in that it may be relativized. ObliqueObject An oblique object is a grammatical relation proposed for a noun phrase clause constituent with the following characteristics:its nature and behavior are more readily describable in semantic terms than syntactic; it is likely to be the most constrained in the semantic roles it may individually express; it is likely to be marked by an adposition or case affix; it is not likely to be a target of syntactic rules, such as agreement with the verb, or strategies of relativization. Modifier A modifier is a constituent that imparts information relating to the head of the construction. Reference Reference is the relationship of one linguistic expression to another, in which one provides the information necessary to interpret the other. Coreference Coreference is the reference in one expression to the same referent in another expression. Agreement Agreement refers to a formal relationship between elements whereby a form of one word requires a corresponding form of another.